Research Study Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Study Analysis - Essay Example The examining strategy was efficient. Members were recognized dependent on past research and reflections. The sources were welcome to take part in the wake of being educated about the idea of the examination. The subject of the exploration was perceived as multidimensional. This is the motivation behind why various arrangements of surveys were planned - all concentrating on applicable and assorted parts of the training involvement with request to extensively portray and address the exploration issue. While there were no up close and personal meetings, perceptions or center gathering conversation, an aggregate of five poll models were utilized to accumulate and assess encounters. These are the Teacher Stress Inventory (TSI), Negative Mood Regulation (NMR), COPE, Maslach Burnout Inventory Educators Survey, and Brief Symptoms Inventory. They were intended to gauge factors in zones of pressure, burnout, adapting, negative temperament and pain. While the examination included no open-finished inquiry either, the review questions gave were completely intended to uncover profoundly point by point individual encounters and evaluate them. For example, respondents were approached to rate their react ions to things, for example, Did you feel desolate? or Did you grope keyed. These inquiries were posed after circumstances were given, which is reliable with the phenomenological strategy of portraying encounters, as a vital component in information social event and understanding. The analysts built up their examination worldview by presenting epistemological and axiological presumptions. This was accomplished when suppositions about pressure, burnout and adapting systems were given. For instance, instructors were explicitly recognized as the subject of the exploration since they were accepted to have progressively troublesome work assignments and, consequently, would be increasingly inclined to pressure and burnout. This was additionally featured with the way that the information was accumulated from self-report polls. What this

Movies and the Art of Cinematography essays

Films and the Art of Cinematography expositions Around the globe, at any moment, a large number of individuals are watching films. They watch standard amusement, genuine craftsmanship films, narratives, kid's shows, exploratory movies, instructive shorts. They sit in cooled theaters, in town squares, in craftsmanship historical centers, in school homerooms, or in their homes before a TV screen. No one needs also be persuaded that film is one of the centurys most compelling media. Not exclusively would you be able to review your most leaving or sad minutes at the films, you can likewise presumably recollect minutes in standard life when you attempted to be as elegant, as magnanimous, as intense, or as humane as those overwhelming figures on the screen.. the manner in which we dress and trim our hair, the manner in which we talk and act, the things we accept or question every one of these parts of our lives are formed by films. Movies likewise furnish us with incredible stylish encounters, bits of knowledge into societies, and looks at better approaches for deduction. I am attached to film. That is the reason I will attempt to comprehend this stunning, delightful universe of cinematography. It would be difficult, I think, since film remembers a lot of information for various circles. While inquiring about the subject of my article, I have comprehended that film history incorporates something other than films. By concentrating how movies were made and gotten, I find the scope of choices accessible to producers and film watchers by examining the social and social effects on films, I come to see better the manners by which movies may bear the hints of the issues in thee history of legislative issues, of culture, and of expressions of the human experience. Analysts are partial to stating that there is no film history, just film accounts. However, I imagine that film history is all the more suitably thought of as a lot of film accounts since examination into film history includes posing a progression of inquiries and looking for proof so as to answer t hem over the span of a contention. I have chosen to concentr... <!

5 New Years Resolutions Just for Teachers

5 New Years Resolutions Just for Teachers The start of a new year is the perfect time to make a few totally achievable, teacher-specific resolutions. It happens to the best of us. We start out fresh in August or September. We're energized, we're relaxed, and we're excited about all of the great organizational strategies we came up with over the summer. Then, suddenly it's the end of December, and all we're trying to do is wake up, get into the classroom, and contain the insanity that the holidays promote among children. Let's use January to refresh. Let's bring back some of that enthusiasm and take those big, bold ideas from the depths of summer to renew our classrooms in the new year. Keep reading for New Year's resolutions for teachers, by teachers. 1. Clean Up! If you're anything like me, you're organized, yet working in conditions of almost-chaos at the same time. Yes, I generally know where the materials I need are located, but I may have to dig through a pile of student work, intervention resources, and curriculum guides to get them. I try to leave work on Friday afternoons with a clean desk because it helps me feel ready to begin the week when I come back in on Monday morning. One of my own personal New Year's teaching resolutions is to keep my desk and materials organized. While realistically I know this will be a challenge for me, I believe being more mindful will help! 2. Work on Your Relationships With Colleagues This resolution is probably the hardest to keep simply because it is partially reliant on other people. Typically, I choose resolutions that are 100% self-driven, but lately, I've been thinking that perhaps these commitments would be more meaningful if they involved others. Luckily, my school's general vibe encourages cooperation with and acceptance of others. (Other schools may not be so lucky.) The most successful work environments lack pettiness, so if you find yourself in a sticky situation with a colleague, try to rise above it. Invite them for a drink, to collaborate on a project, or buy them a coffee; small gestures can go a long way! 3. Keep Things Balanced As you return to school refreshed and ready to go, don't lose sight of your own mental and physical health. While you may feel prepared to take on 12 hour days in the classroom, that kind of daily grind ends up taking a toll on health and relationships. Try to make time for your friends and family, because they're the ones who will keep you sane when work gets overwhelming. Make sure to try that exercise class, join that book club, and embrace all the things that keep you happy. Happy teachers make for happy classrooms! 4. Have Fun As you frantically work to get through 100% of your curriculum within the allotted time period, remember that the days you let social studies slide in favor of some independent reading time, group activity, or a fun craft are the days your kiddos will remember. When I think back to my own time in fourth grade, I remember going to the school store, doing extra credit assignments, the boundless energy of my math teacher, and playing tetherball at recess. I have no idea what the standards were or what my grades on pre- and post-assessments looked like. I remember the fun. Your kids will too. 5. Be Realistic As beautiful and grand as New Year's resolutions tend to be, they are also easily left by the wayside. If you don't miraculously have a clean and organized desk on February 1, if you sometimes forget to prepare for that small group, if you don't do all of the things you pressure yourself to do, it'll be okay. We all love our kids, and that driving factor truly is the most important thing.   What are your New Year's resolutions? Share with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest.

Power, Race and Women in Othello by Shakespear and Sax

Race Shakespeare †¢ A fear of foreigners during Elizabethan times fostered misogynistic and racist values, which is evident in the way Othello’s blackness becomes a symbol of alienation to which all characters in the play must respond. †¢ Using grotesque animal imagery, Iago voices an explicitly stereotypical view of Othello, as a â€Å"Barbary horse,† depicting him as an animalistic outsider. Through the image of conflict in black and white, Iago emphasises on the racial demarcation between Othello and Desdemona, that â€Å"an old black ram is tupping your white ewe,† associating Othello with uncontrolled animalistic sexuality. Iago’s overt and vicious racism becomes representative of the reigning stereotype of the African on the†¦show more content†¦However, similar to the play, John indirectly refers Dessie to â€Å"other men’s leavings† which suggests the subordinate position of women, objectified as a part of male honour. †¢ Sax explores parallelism between Desdemona, who is anxious to present herself as a â€Å"vessel†, and Dessie who depicts herself as chaste, â€Å"I was like a blank sheet waiting for you to write your name on me†. This reflects the expectation of women of the contemporary context, untainted and pure, like a â€Å"blank sheet†, which significantly displays tendencies that resemble Elizabethan female attributes. †¢ Sax directly contrasts Lulu’s silence to Emilia’s strength. â€Å"Tis proper I obey him but not now†, declares Emilia, who defies her husband’s authority and social conventions. †¢ Both texts depict patriarchal societies, Shakespeare makes a powerful statement regarding the role of women in the 16th century and their potential strength, whereas Sax portrays women as ironically weaker in the democratic modern society Power: Both texts examine the corrupting and unstable influence of power. Shakespeare †¢ Shakespeare’s idea of the tenuous and transitory nature of power is shaped by a context where the nation was anxious due to the unexpected death of Elizabeth. †¢ It is the notion of the corruptive nature of power which Shakespeare draws on

Volcanoes And Climate Change Today - 1660 Words

January 18, 2017, New England’s 1816 â€Å"Mackerel Year,† Volcanoes and Climate Change Today https://www.usgs.gov/news/new-england-s-1816-mackerel-year-volcanoes-and-climate-change-today A study was regulated by the USGS in regards to the large catches of mackerel by fishermen, a volcano eruption at Indonesia’s Mt. Tambora and climate change. The article explains that the eruption that occurred at Mt. Tambora over 200 years ago and the effects that it left at the Gulf of Maine that intertwined human-natural systems facing climate change. The study showed that the eruption in 1815 caused a long lasting extreme climate event in 1816 (which is also known as the year without a summer) that caused the Northern Hemisphere’s crops to fail.†¦show more content†¦The article also suggest that the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere are different in regards to climate changes. Lewis believes that the southern hemisphere is more likely to hav e an intermediate average summer with temperatures of 83 degrees and an average winter temperature of 78 degrees. This indicates that the climate here is similar year round and the only fact that keeps Sydney from ranking higher on the list is the fact that it is too wet of a place. 3. March 3, 2017, Monitoring Alaska’s Remote and Restless Bogoslof Volcano https://www.usgs.gov/news/monitoring-alaska-s-remote-and-restless-bogoslof-volcano A study conducted by the USGS was conducted in regards to the Bogoslof Volcano which is an active volcano that is located in the Aleutian Islands which is located just northwest of the Dutch Harbor. This volcano has had active eruptions in sequence since December of 2016. There has been numerous explosions from the volcano, which has shot ashes to altitudes soaring over 30,000 feet in the air. The area is a major fly zone for aircrafts and the ashes from the eruptions has caused jet engines to fail. The unknown is how long will these eruptions from the Bogoslof Volcano continue to erupt. Past events have occurred from the Bogoslof; the prior eruptions lasted from July 6, 1992 through July 24, 1992, therefore, this current eruptions had already surpassed the prior eruptions that occurred in 1992. However, theShow MoreRelat edEssay about Volcanic Eruptions and Global Climate Change1503 Words   |  7 PagesVolcanic Eruptions and Global Climate Change Abstract There has been much debate in recent decades over how much volcanic eruptions contribute to global climate change, the destruction of the ozone layer, and global warming. This electronic term paper deals with various sides of this debate. There will be a specific focus on the great nineteenth century eruptions of Tambora and Krakatoa. Table of Contents Introduction The Effects of Volcanoes on the Earth Systems in General The 18--Read MoreVolcanic Eruptions Can Have On The Ozone Layer1325 Words   |  6 Pagesyou tend to think about is car emissions or large nuclear power plants killing the ozone layer. However, you never think about natural causes of climate change such as solar activity or volcanic eruptions. Volcanic eruptions can impact global climate change drastically, and play a much larger role than expected. â€Å"Volcanic eruptions contribute to climate variability, but quantifying these contributions has been limited by inconsistencies in the timing† (Sigl, Winstrup, McConnell, Welten, PlunkettRead MoreWhat Does Global Warming Mean?797 Words   |  3 Pages Global Warming Have you ever asked yourself what does the global warming mean? What is it caused by? According to Dictionary.com global warming means, â€Å"An increase in the earths average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect.† Svante Arrhenius, the Swedish chemist who coined the term of global warming in 1896 and launched the theory, says that the burning of fossil fuels will increase the amount of carbon dioxide in theRead MoreThe Theory Of Plate Tectonics769 Words   |  4 Pagesobserved, information about the ocean floor, ancient magnetism, distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes and heat flow from the earths core. There were early theories from Wegner’s continental drift which lacked an explanation for the mechanism that drove the continents apart, to Wilson’s more complete theory of the cyclical opening and closing of the ocean basins due to movement of the earth’s plates. The theor y explains how today s  continents  were once a large supercontinent that slowly drifted to theirRead MoreCause And Effect Of Climate Change Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesCause and effects of Climate Change. General purpose: to inform. Specific purpose: After hearing my speech my audience will know what climate change is, what causes it and its effects now and in the future. Thesis Statement: Climate change is a very important issue that affects all of us. Organization pattern: Cause and effect. Introduction: I. (Attention-getter): How do you explain that 30 years ago we had a different weather than today? When you look at yourself in a dirty mirror; can you seeRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1433 Words   |  6 Pagescentury. Little changes in the average temperature of the Earth can result into big and possibly to dangerous shifts in climate and weather. Rising temperatures around the world have been accompanied by differences in weather and climate. A lot of places have already seen changes in rainfall which resulted in an increase in floods, droughts, or intense rain, as well as more continual and dangerous heat waves. The Earth’s oceans and glaciers have also experienced some great changes - oceans are warmingRead MoreClimate Change Is A Real Issue1249 Words   |  5 PagesAs the Earth’s temperature begins to rise, it is questioned what has brought this upon the third largest planet. Climate change is a real issue, and civilization is one of the biggest fact ors in this dilemma (IPCC). Climate change is the difference in temperature over a large region of land throughout a long period of time (IPCC). What causes this increase in temperature? Society is the greatest reason for this increase as human’s activities such as burning fossil fuels and agricultural practicesRead MoreIs It Global Warming Or Climate Change?1097 Words   |  5 PagesIs it global warming or climate change? According to the EPA, global warming refers to the recent and ongoing increase in the average global temperature (EPA). This increase is mostly caused by the amassed amounts of greenhouse gases or CO2 in the atmosphere. The CO2 or greenhouse gases get trapped within the atmosphere. Some CO2 in the atmosphere isn’t a bad thing; it allows for heat and sunlight to travel to Earth and helps keep Earth from going into a deep freeze period. But we can have too muchRead MoreThe Impact Of Volcanic Eruptions On The Earth s Climate System Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagesimpacts of volcanic eruptions upon the earth’s climate system we have to consider occurrences both in the present and in the past. It has been noted by McGuire et al. that â€Å"Volcanic activity and environmental change have been linked during recent times and in the geological record.† (2002:88) With thousands of volcanic events having transpired since the Archean, there is an abundance of evidence to sup port the theory that volcanoes have impacted our climate for over 2.5 Billion years. In particular,Read MoreTaking a Look at Japan969 Words   |  4 PagesWhat first comes to mind when you think of Japan? Sushi? Volcanoes? Tsunamis? Many of the iconic parts of Japanese culture that we know today have been shaped by the environment around them over many years. Since ancient times, many of Japan’s geographical features have had major effects on its inhabitants. Their extensive water supply from rivers and ample rainfall have facilitated agriculture and made it an important part of the Japanese economy, along with fishing in Japan’s oceans. Its proximity

Invention History of the Internet and Wheel Free Essays

From the earliest record of civilization stemming twelve thousand years ago in Kyushu, Japan, mankind has strived to make the quality of life easier, better and more convenient with each generation. Great imagination combined with science, research, skill and patience are the tools used to create remarkable inventions that allow people today to take so much for granted in life. From my point of view, the three inventions that are the most important ones to mankind are the wheel, electricity, and the Internet. We will write a custom essay sample on Invention: History of the Internet and Wheel or any similar topic only for you Order Now The most profound invention of all time is the wheel. Not only does it provide many sources of convenience in life, but it is also essential in the success of several other inventions. Without the wheel, discovering new lands would have been impossible, as explorers needed carriages to carry supplies, people, medicines, and other essential items for journeys. Agriculture would not be anywhere near what it is today without the basic wheel. Planes would not be able to take off or land without the wheel. People would not be able to commute long distances to and from work. Police cars, fire engines, and ambulances would not be able to get to victims with speed without the wheel. In every aspect of life, the wheel is the one invention that people cannot live without. Long gone are the days where the sun determined when a functional day would start or end. It is the invention of electricity that gives people the opportunity to read books printed in mass copies from a machine at any time of the night and gives everyone freedom to come home to a warm meal. Today, it is routine to wake up to the sound of an alarm, and turn on the coffee maker. With each step taken during the day comes the need to use more electricity. From starting a car to get to one’s destination, and listening to the radio, or watching television, and using computers to write essays such as this one, electricity is the driving force that enables man to accomplish these tasks, which makes electricity one of the greatest inventions of all time. With the invention of the Internet and its implementation in society, the world as we know it has changed drastically in the last fifteen years. The idea of direct communication first introduced by the telephone has far been surpassed with online communication tools such as Skype and Facetime. The convenience of ordering everything imaginable, from groceries, to books, to clothes, to vacation packages, and making dinner reservations all with the click of a button, is a convenience that is only possible because of the Internet. Today, the entire world and answers to all questions are easily accessible and so convenient that society has become as dependent on internet, as they are to electricity and the wheel. From the discussion above, we may safely draw the conclusion that the wheel, electricity and the internet are the most important inventions that shape society. For most, living without these is an impossibility. Not only do the serve as the foundation to other inventions, but they will continue to influence inventions to come. How to cite Invention: History of the Internet and Wheel, Essay examples

Informative Spatial cues Essay Example

Informative Spatial cues Essay Experiment 5 was conducted to investigate the effect of the introduction of the speech cue in experiment 4. As discussed previously, the introduction of the speech cue may have had some unforeseen influence on the results obtained in experiment 4. Therefore experiment 5 mirrors experiment 3 with the introduction of a spatially informative speech cue instead of the spatially informative pure tone. The results of the experiment supported the earlier findings in experiment 3 wherein, a significant response time advantage was found for valid cues for all SOA conditions in experiment 5. Therefore it can be assumed that the introduction of the speech cue was not the cause of the weakened response time advantage found for SOA of 200ms and 1100ms in experiment 4, and further that the major contributor to this response time advantage reduction is the removal of the spatial component to the cue. It can be said that the spatial cue plays a greater role in covert auditory attention rather than speech cues, although a combination of both would be the most optimal conditions. The factors that influences the localizability of an auditory stimulus is varied and complex. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Spatial cues specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Spatial cues specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Spatial cues specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It should be noted that the frequency range of the sound affects both the presence and quality of both interaural time differences (ITD) and interaural intensity differences (IID), moreover, the intensity, duration, rise/fall time and complexity of the sound also affects the detecting of the sound. The lack of spatial cuing decreased the response time of subjects for they did not have basis for localization. Flanagan, McAnally, Martin, Meehan Oldfield (1998) visual search times were reduced when spatially informative auditory information was supplied. They used a spatial localization task in which the search for a visual target was aided by either a visual arrow or an auditory cue. They found both the visual and the auditory cues aided in significantly reducing the search times when compared to unaided search. It is however important that the visual and auditory information presented are detectable and localizable. Hence a signal should be localizable when information presented is critical (i. e. ; location of threats such as enemy fighters, missiles etc.) and that information presented is expected in that location will improve response time and accuracy (Posner, 1980, Spence and Driver, 1996). One interesting observation from experiment 5 was the overall decrease of response times for all conditions. In comparison to experiment 3 overall response times were about 30ms faster in experiment 5. The question raised is could the replacement of the spatially informative pure tone with the spatially informative speech have caused this improvement in overall response time. The introduction of speech alone did not have the effect of reducing response times in experiment 4 where a non-spatial speech cue was used. Hence the combination of the informative speech with the likely spatial location of the target may engage both exogenous and endogenous processes more completely than the just the likely spatial location alone. The essentially â€Å"double-barred† cue of both correct spatial location and the informativeness of a speech confirmation of the spatial location could have the effect of increasing the subject’s confidence and/or efficiency at completing the task correctly. Therefore the reduced response times observed in experiment 5 in comparison to experiment 3 could be as a result of this â€Å"double-barreled† type of cue. Unfortunately, this assumption cannot be made in this case due to the fact that not all subjects who completed experiment 3 also completed experiment 5. Furthermore despite three subjects completing both experiments, the order of completion was the same with experiment 3 completed first, therefore no statistical analysis could be performed on the data due to the possibility of practice effects influencing the result.

How Early Presidential Candidates Begin Campaigning

How Early Presidential Candidates Begin Campaigning Presidential elections are held every four years, but campaigning for the most powerful position in the free world never really ends. Politicians who aspire to the White House begin building alliances, seeking endorsements and raising money years before they announce their intentions. The never-ending campaign is a modern phenomenon.  The  all-important role money now plays in influencing elections  has forced members of  Congress  and even  the president to begin tapping donors and holding fundraisers even before theyre sworn into office. Once upon a time not terribly long ago, federal politicians more or less kept their campaigning to election years. They reserved their energies in odd-numbered, non-election years for legislating and governing. No longer, writes The Center for Public Integrity, a nonprofit investigative reporting organization in Washington, D.C. While much of the work of running for president happens  behind the scenes, there is a moment when every candidate must step forward in a public setting and make an official declaration that they are seeking the presidency. This is when the race for president begins in earnest. So when does that happen?   The Presidential Race Begins the Year Before the Election In the four most recent presidential races  in which there was no incumbent, the nominees  launched their campaigns an average of 531 days before the election took place. Thats about one year and seven months before the presidential election. That means presidential campaigns typically begin in the spring of the year before the presidential election. Presidential candidates select running mates much later in the campaign. Heres a look at how early the race for president has begun in modern history. 2016 Presidential Campaign The 2016 presidential election  was  held on Nov. 8, 2016.  There was no incumbent because President Barack Obama was finishing his second and final term.   The eventual Republican nominee and president,  reality-television star and billionaire real-estate developer Donald Trump, announced his candidacy on June 16, 2015  -   513 days or one year and nearly five months before the election. Democrat Hillary Clinton, a former U.S. senator who served as secretary of the Department of State under Obama, announced her presidential campaign on April 12, 2015  - 577 days or one year and seven months before the election. 2008 Presidential Campaign The 2008 presidential election was held on Nov. 4, 2008. There was no incumbent because President George W. Bush was serving his second and final term. Democrat Obama, the eventual victor,  announced he was seeking his partys nomination for the presidency on Feb. 10, 2007  -   633  days or one year, 8 months and 25 days  before the election. Republican U.S. Sen. John McCain announced his intentions to seek his partys presidential nomination on April 25 of 2007  -   559 days or one year, six months and 10 days  before the election. 2000 Presidential Campaign The 2000 presidential election was held on Nov. 7, 2000. There was no incumbent because President Bill Clinton was serving his second and final term. Republican George W. Bush, the eventual winner, announced he was seeking his partys presidential nomination on June 12, 1999  - 514 days or one  year, four months and 26 days before the election. Democrat Al Gore, the vice president, announced he was seeking the partys nomination for the presidency on June 16, 1999  -   501 days or one year, four months and 22 days before the election. 1988Presidential Campaign The 1988  presidential election was held on Nov. 8, 1988. There was no incumbent because President Ronald Reagan was serving his second and final term. Republican George H.W. Bush, who was vice president at the time, announced he was seeking the partys presidential nomination on Oct. 13, 1987  -   392 days or one year and 26 days before the election. Democrat Michael Dukakis announced he was seeking his partys presidential nomination on April 29, 1987  -   559 days or one year, six months and 10 days before the election.

Facts About the Element Fermium

Facts About the Element Fermium Fermium is a heavy, man-made radioactive element on the periodic table. Here is a collection of interesting facts about this metal: Fermium Element Facts Fermium is named for the physicist Enrico Fermi.Fermium is the heaviest element that may be made from neutron bombardment of lighter elements.The element is one of those discovered in the products from the  first hydrogen bomb test at Eniwetok Atoll, the Marshall Islands in 1952. For security reasons, the discovery was not announced until 1955. The discovery is credited to  Albert Ghiorsos group at the University of California.The discovered isotope was Fm-255. which has a  half-life 20.07 hours. The most stable isotope that has been produced is Fm-257, with a half-life of 100.5 days.Fermium is a synthetic transuranium element. It belongs to the actinide element group.Although samples of fermium metal have not been produced for study, it is possible to make a fermium and ytterbium alloy. The resulting metal is shiny and silver-colored.The usual oxidation state of fermium is Fm2, although the Fm3 oxidation state also occurs.The most common fermium compound is fermium chloride, F mCl2.Fermium does not exist naturally in the Earths crust. However, its natural production was once seen from the decay of a sample of einsteinium. At present, there are no practical uses of this element. Fermium or Fm Chemical and Physical Properties Element Name: FermiumSymbol: FmAtomic Number: 100Atomic Weight: 257.0951Element Classification: Radioactive Rare Earth (Actinide)Discovery: Argonne, Los Alamos, U. of California 1953 (United States)Name Origin: Named in honor of the scientist Enrico Fermi.Melting Point (K): 1800Appearance: radioactive, synthetic metalAtomic Radius (pm): 290Pauling Negativity Number: 1.3First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): (630)Oxidation States: 3Electronic Configuration: [Rn] 5f12 7s2 References Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001)Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952) CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.)

Starbucks Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Starbucks Corporation - Essay Example Schultz’s II Giomale bought Starbucks and transformed it to what it is today, â€Å"the premier roaster, marketer and retailer of specialty coffee in the world, operating in more than 50countries† (Starbucks Corporation 2). In 1998, Starbucks acquired Tazo, a tea company based in Portland, Ore. and in 2003, it acquired Seattle Coffee Company, which includes Seattle’s Best Coffee and Torrefazione Italia coffee brands (Starbucks Coffee Company 2). Starbucks Corporation is based in Seattle, Washington, USA. In the US, Starbucks operates 4,084 licensed stores and 6,705 company-operated stores; and in Canada, the U.K., China, Germany, Thailand and in other countries 3,890 licensed stores and 2,326 company-operated (Finance.yahoo.com 1). Starbucks’ mission is â€Å"to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time† (Starbucks Corporation 1). Organizational Structure On top of the organizational chart of St arbucks is its Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Howard Schultz. The units directly under the CEO are Marketing, Finance and Administration, Legal and Compliance, Supply Chain Operations, Partner Resources (HR), Public Affairs, Americas, Global Development, Channel Development, Seattle, China and Asia Pacific, EMEA (Europe/Middle East/Africa), Competitive Intelligence and Strategy (The Official Board.com 1). Under the Americas are the licensed stores and the regions of Northeast/Atlantic and Western/Pacific. Global Development includes Development and Greater China, International Development and Support and US Development (The Official Board.com 1). Starbucks has three reportable operating segments which includes the US, International and Global Consumer Products Group (CPG). Another operating segment is the Seattle’s Best Coffee. Products Offered The products offered by Starbucks include more than 30 blends and single-origin premium Arabica coffees, handcrafted beverages compos ed of freshly-brewed coffee, hot and iced espresso beverages, Frappuccino coffee and noncoffee blended beverages, smoothies and Tazo teas (Starbucks Corporation 2). Aside from beverages, Starbucks also offers fresh food which includes baked pastries, sandwiches, salads, oatmeal, yogurt parfaits and fruit cups. Their stores sells merchandise such as coffee and tea brewing equipment, mugs and accessories, packaged goods, music, books and other gift items (Starbucks Corporation 2). Other countries such as Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Norway, UK and U.S. offer consumer products such as coffee and tea, both whole bean and ground (Starbucks and Seattle’s Best Coffee brands), Starbucks VIA ® ReadyBrew, Starbucks ® K?Cups ® portion packs, Tazo ® tea filterbags and tea latte concentrates (Starbucks Corporation 2). Ready-to-Drink (RTD) Starbucks ® bottled Frappuccino ® coffee drinks, Starbucks Discoveries ® chilled cup coffees, Starbucks Doubleshot ® espresso drinks, Starbucks Doubleshot ® Energy+Coffee drinks and Seattle’s BestCoffee ® Iced Lattes, Tazo ® bottled iced and juiced teas are sold at Starbucks’ stores (Starbucks Corporation 2). Some outlets also sell Starbucks ® Ice Cream: Super?premium coffee and coffee?free flavors. The product mix of a Starbucks store varies depending on the location and the size of the store

Cementless Fixation of Total Hip Replacements Essay

Cementless Fixation of Total Hip Replacements - Essay Example Literature supporting or refuting both philosophies is available. Cemented fixation - Cemented stems have a variety of smooth, textured, and coated surfaces that bond to a layer of cement. These stems occupy 80% of the medullary canal to allow for a mantle (ie, cement-occupied space). A centralizer is added to many cemented stems to keep the stem in the center of the canal, which provides a uniform space for the cement around the implant. (Canale, 1998, 314). Differing philosophies guide surgeons in selecting cemented femoral implants for patients. There was a trend in the 1980s to use more cementless implants; in the 1990s, cemented implants regained popularity. Currently, surgeons are favoring cementless techniques again as a result of proven extended service life in long-term outcome studies on porous implants. Cement is indicated when a patient's bone quality cannot be stabilized satisfactorily with a cement-less implant (Wheeless', 2003). The basic principle of uncemented fixation is that the initial stability of an implant is achieved by mechanical interlock and initial apposition of implant surfaces to host bone is converted to long-term stability by the ingrowth/ongrowth of a stable biological interface (Bloebaum etal, 1997) Cementless or pressfit fixation - with use of cemented impant systems, problems related to cement fixation, including loosening, bone loss, and signs of fragmented cement, were identified. Research efforts led to fixation without cement by using femoral stems tightly fit into the canal. This technique often is referred to as pressfit. Pressfit femoral stems have a porous surface that allows bone ingrowth into the stem, referred to as biological fixation (Hoffmann, 2000). One of the coating systems for implants is calcium phosphate-based material called calcium hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite is the inorganic phase of bone, is inherently compatible with the body, and has been shown to promote bone growth and enhance implant fixation (Geesink etal, 1987). It is used as an additional way to bond bone biologically to a stem and cup. These stems provide immediate implant stability and fit tightly to the endosteal cavity of the proximal femur. There are four basic shapes for press-fit femoral stems-anatomical (ie, bowed), modular, straight, and tapered (Canale, 1998, 315, Hoffmann etal, 2000). The anatomical stem has experienced increased popularity and market growth as a result of excellent long-term results documented in the literature (Hoffmann etal, 2000). The porous coated stem previously was indicated for use in active, young patients and for revision of cemented hips, but now surgeons are using pressfit stems in patients of all ages who have good bone stock (S Rapp, 2003, 14). Physiology of the cementless system Micromotion of 20 m or less at the bone-implant interface will create an environment in which stable bone ingrowth can occur, that motions of 40 m lead to less stable interfaces, and that motions of 150 mm will prevent this

Nanocrystal (Nanoparticles) Drug Delivery in Oncology

Nanocrystal (Nanoparticles) Drug Delivery in Oncology Introduction The aim of this literature review is to expand the boundaries of our knowledge by exploring some relevant literature related to the role of nano-particle in cancer treatment and toxicology. In this paper, the author will discuss the importance of nanocrystals in treating and managing cancers. For this, the author will refer to three different scholarly articles. Heidel Davis, (2011) accentuated that the treatment of cancer is complicated by the exact nature of the cancer cells, the tissue they originate from, and the tissue or tissues they hibernate and colonize in [1]. Many cancers, such as those affecting the colon or liver, remain tucked away in the darker recesses of the body, where they are challenging to detect and even more challenging to treat. Other cancers, such as melanoma or retinoblastoma, are at or near the surface of the body, and thus are more accessible to observation and treatment. All cancer therapies try to target characteristics that are peculiar to cancer cells so as not to damage normal cells. This could be a mutated protein, a peculiar behaviour pattern, such as an increased rate of cell division, or an elevated demand for oxygen to support high metabolic activity by the cancer cells [2]. Discussion Analysis Over 8,767 Australians were expected to die of cancer in 2020 [3]. Over 12 million new cases worldwide were diagnosed in 2007. Sixty percent of cancer cases occur in developing countries. Cancer is on the rise in low- and middle-income countries, cancer is the number one cause of death in China. According to Phan et al., (2009), chemically attached nanocrystals to a viral envelope allowed the scientists to eradicate cancer cells using laser radiation [4]. Binding nanoparticles to an antibody specific for cancer cells can make easier the detection of advanced stage cancer cells. According to Colin, (2008), the ability to quantitatively and noninvasively detect targeted nanoparticles in vivo could provide a promising cancer diagnostic tool. Using nanoparticle to heat up tumors is a main focus in therapeutic oncology applications of nanoscale sciences and technologies [5]. Nanosized Cancer drug Nanocrystal helps in the advancement of creative chemotherapeutic medications particularly in the territory of harmful deteriorating treatment or solution for neurological issue or cancerous growth. It delivers nanosized medications that are just marginally bigger in size than proteins and are subsequently little to such a degree as to move crosswise over ion-control channels(e.g., the blood–brain barriers), scattered all through the entire body including entering the focal sensory system, the vasculature and enter cells specifically [6]. Nanosized pharmaceuticals, due to their greater surface territory and organic undertaking likewise allow lower centralizations of pharmaceuticals to be utilized; accordingly diminish the potential danger of unfavorable responses [7]. The propelled outside area of nanosized pharmaceuticals might likewise help to upgrade dissolvability and support rate of disintegration, in this manner increase oral bioavailability and allow all the more quick onset of remedial activity [8]. A showing of this future is the adaptation of naproxen that have been used to support the expand time in the blood of the patients to empower a great deal more quick issue and help than the acknowledged presentation of naproxen for their cancer treatment [9]. Nano consignment schemes for therapeutics and toxicology Numerous advances have been created to utilize nanoparticles as a part of the treatment regimen of biomedical imaging, toxicological analysis and pharmaceutical conveyance. Applications for these plans will supply materials for controlled medication committal by directing bearers to a particular area with attractive fields or fluorescence biological markers. The transporter will then be initiated on interest in a limited area. The anticipated and extended length of activity in this way help to abatement hindrance of basic redosing, advance patient consistence and keep away from the side effects that so regularly result from intense medications [10]. Use of Nanocrystal in Oncology The interstitial heating using nanoparticles was feasible in patients with cancer with local recurrence and had been previously irradiated. The treatment related toxicity was moderate and the quality of life affected only temporarily. The limiting factors of this technique at present are discomfort caused by high magnetic field strengths and suboptimal intratumoral distribution. Moreover, deposits in the prostates nanoparticles are very durable. At present there is no magnetic imaging and chemotherapy available or neither for direct injection of fluid under visual control real-time nor for a reliable picture of the tumor within the cancer cells. Therefore, the selective ablation of cancer separating normal tissue is not possible at this time, but may become an interesting future with improved diagnostic techniques image subject. Until our heating method is more refined and can be safely applied forces higher photo thermal therapy to achieve higher performance alone, this treatment modality is being evaluated in combination with radiation in patients with localized cancer. Quantum spots, one of the most well revised, are nanocrystals that fluoresce in distinct hues depending on their dimensions (e.g., Cadmium selenide) [11;12]. In the event that the target molecule is an early marker of cancerous detection, discovery of that molecule may show a higher inclination for illness. An illustration is to utilize nanoparticles to join to blood clumps and to help make clusters more clear by ultrasound [13]. Nanoshells, an alternate nanodelivery plan that is made out of copolymers, are used in mix with precise wavelengths of lights and hotness mastery for harmful ailment treatment. These nanodevices can be tuned precisely to drench up or scramble infrared beams. At the point when encased in with gold, they can adjust these types of light into high temperature and either issues the pharmaceutical into the encompassing tissue or specifically blazed/murder tumor units that is tie to these nanoshells [14]. Likewise, attractive fields could be used to center pharmaceutical particles at the tumor area and balancing the territories would discharge the pharmaceutical from the external layer to strike tumor units. Chemotherapeutic Drugs and Cancer Diagnosis Infusion of genetic characteristics into nanocapsules is being tried out. One of the quality being enquired is the tumor necrosis factor, a protein that is fatal to cancer cells as well as besides to wholesome units when infused in substantial measurements [15]. To sidestep impedance to ordinary tissue, the nanocapsule is covered with sensors that objective just on tumor cells. A persevering would then be uncovered to low-dose radiation or medications that launch the quality to make putrefaction part. Other nanodrug bearers, for example, quality firearm with gold particles, fullerenes (made completely out of carbon, as an empty circle (C60 Bucky balls or chamber (nanotubes) and dendrimers (round polymeric molecules) are likewise being inspected. An alternate mean of pharmaceutical conveyance is to settle pharmaceutical with nanoparticles, for instance albumin proteins. It uses the natural carrier albumin rather than synthetic solvents to consign paclitaxel and furthermore for protected management of high paclitaxel doses without premedication, producing in important antitumour undertaking in patients with metastatic breast cancerous disease. Nanodelivery schemes for gene therapy Nanomedical research could outcome in an array of new medical apparatuss. Interesting study projects include use of nano-electromechanical apparatus or nanowire field-effect transistor to detect insect baculovirus and lone influenza viruses respectively were undertook. It is wanted that development of these nanodevices can help doctor to find the difficulty areas in the body more precisely (Lam et al., 2004, p. 5). Other study works engage the use of biochips and microfluidic devices to computer display tissues for genetic dissimilarities and to design genetically target drugs. Cell/Tissue technology and the nanorobot Artificial nanoscale building blocks may one day be utilised to help repair, sustain, or replacement of the body’s tissue and body parts. Uvocalise nanotechnology, researcher may be adept to make better artificial veins, arteries and heart valves; evolve a scaffold for growing patches of heart tissue to repair impairment from heart attacks; and grow artificial lung tissue. The use of simple carbon single-wall nanotube sheets to develop artificial muscle is in the soonest stages [16]. One of the more significant matters is that the foreign components might be strike by the body’s immune units, therefore means of reducing the risk of immune answer continues the major dispute for nanotechnology research in the area of tissue technology. Some researchers are attempting to assemble convoluted nanorobots that can journey throughout the human body utilising molecular engines and computers, shop and transport substances, perform procedures and communicate with physicians. Respirocytes, a spherical carbon nanorobot, is an demonstration that mimic the activity of the natural hemoglobin-filled red blood cells and is being revised [17]. However, despite the stride at which study is progressing and the exhilaration generated by the outlook of nanorobots, it could be numerous years before nanorobots are checked in humans. Conclusion Cancer is a worldwide problem. Nanocrystal plays an increasing role in battling cancer worldwide and in achieving the goal of eliminating suffering and death from cancer by 2015. Moreover, the use of multifactorial Nanocrystal in detecting and diagnosing carcinomas and sarcomas at earlier stages can be beneficial but needs further studies and investigation before implementing it in clinical practice. The general is for government to assume a main part, at the same time with the educated community and business relationship, in adding to the empowering foundation for perceiving and considering nanomaterial potential dangers, including (1) ID of delegate or structure nanomaterial, in connection to the structure, measurements, property and undertaking; (2) creating poisonous quality testing convention, covering inward breath, dermal, ingestion, and infusion presentation courses, for ID of full gimmick of the nanomaterial in connection to material property, the proposed use by the conceiv ably inclined, helpless patient and a definitive clinical applications; (3) strengthening the building methodologies under Good developing perform (GMP) for nanomedicine in particularly in the zone of creation, pontoons, taking care of and stockpiling to twofold watch that relentlessness and nature of the last stock is supported; (4) recognizing and administering the introduction level in working environment, air/waterborne discharges, people and different life forms and ecological media; and (5) surveying the impact of nanocyrstal items on the indigenous habitat as a proactive danger administration. Early theoretical and experimental studies of the biocompatibility of nanomaterials and sophisticated nanodevices have begun. References 1. Heidel, J. D., Davis, M. E. (2011). Clinical developments in nanotechnology for cancer therapy.Pharmaceutical research,28(2), 187-199. 2. Misra, R., Acharya, S., Sahoo, S. K. (2010). Cancer nanotechnology: application of nanotechnology in cancer therapy.Drug Discovery Today,15(19), 842-850. 3. Staples, M. P., Elwood, M., Burton, R. C., Williams, J. L., Marks, R., Giles, G. G. (2006). Non-melanoma skin cancer in Australia: the 2002 national survey and trends since 1985.Med J Aust,184(1), 6-10. 4. Phan, J. H., Moffitt, R. A., Stokes, T. H., Liu, J., Young, A. N., Nie, S., Wang, M. D. (2009). Convergence of biomarkers, bioinformatics and nanotechnology for individualized cancer treatment.Trends in biotechnology,27(6), 350-358. 5. Colin D. Medley, Joshua E. Smith, Zhiwen Tang, Yanrong Wu, Suwussa Bamrungsap, and Weihong Tan* (2008), Gold Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric Assay for the Direct Detection of Cancerous Cells, Anal. Chem, 80, pp. 1067-1072 6. Chen et al., 2006 Z. Chen, H. Meng, G. Xing, C. Chen, Y. hao, G. Jia, T. Wang, H. Yuan, C. Ye, F. Zhao, Z. Chai, C. Zhu, X. Fang, B. Ma and L. Wan, Acute toxicological effects of copper nanoparticles in vivo, Toxicol. Lett. 163 (2006), pp. 109–120. 7. Bucolo et al., 2002 C. Bucolo, A. Maltese, G. Puglisi and R. Pignatello, Enhanced ocular anti-inflammatory activity of Ibuprofen carried by an Eudragit RS100 nanoparticle suspension, Ophthal. Res. 34 (2002), pp. 319–323. 8. Alexis, F., Rhee, J. W., Richie, J. P., Radovic-Moreno, A. F., Langer, R., Farokhzad, O. C. (2008). New frontiers in nanotechnology for cancer treatment. InUrologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations(Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 74-85). Elsevier. 9. Aliosmanoglu, A., Basaran, I. (2012). Nanotechnology in cancer treatment.J Nanomedicine Biotherapeutic Discov,2, 107. 10. Donaldson et al., 2004 K. Donaldson, V. Stone, C.L. Tran, W. Kreyling and P.J.A. Borm, Nanotoxicology, Occup. Environ. Med. 61 (2004), pp. 727–728. Full Text via CrossRef (144) 11. Ferrari, M. (2005). Cancer nanotechnology: opportunities and challenges.Nature Reviews Cancer,5(3), 161-171. 12. Barlow et al., 2005 P.G. Barlow, K. Donaldson, J. Maccallum, A. Clouter and V. Stone, Serum exposed to nanoparticle carbon black displays increased potential to induce macrophage migration, Toxicol. Lett. 155 (2005), pp. 397–401. 13. Gmeiner, W. H., Ghosh, S. (2014). Nanotechnology for cancer treatment. Nanotechnology Reviews,3(2), 111-122. 14. Bulte, J.W, (2009), Nanoparticles in Biomedical Imaging: Emerging Technologies and Applications. New York, Springer, pp. 2. 15. Wang, X., Yang, L., Chen, Z. G., Shin, D. M. (2008). Application of nanotechnology in cancer therapy and imaging.CA: a cancer journal for clinicians,58(2), 97-110. 16. Gmeiner, W. H., Ghosh, S. (2014). Nanotechnology for cancer treatment. Nanotechnology Reviews,3(2), 111-122. 17. Bucolo et al., 2002 C. Bucolo, A. Maltese, G. Puglisi and R. Pignatello, Enhanced ocular anti-inflammatory activity of Ibuprofen carried by an Eudragit RS100 nanoparticle suspension, Ophthal. Res. 34 (2002), pp. 319–323.

Infancy Through Adolescence Essay

Changes in the home environment such as marital conflict, divorce and poor parenting can adversely affect family dynamics, and children especially, can develop both mental and physical health problems. Research finds a correlation between parental separation and the internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors in children; this includes childhood sleep problems due to marital conflict. Children can help define and influence the dynamics of marital conflict. Studies show that in early childhood, parent-child relationships are critical to a child’s healthy development especially the mother-child relations and maternal depression can cause poor parenting leading to emotional and behavioral problems. Child maltreatment is associated with alterations in stress physiology, increased risk for emotional and behavioral issues and increased risk for mental health issues in adolescence. Positive and supportive co-parenting can buffer against the negative effects of marital conflict and divorce especially in low-income and at-risk families. Successful co-parenting relationships can positively affect a child’s socio-emotional development and mental health. Family dynamics and changes in the home will affect the development and well-being of a child throughout infancy or adolescence. Home environments which are dysfunctional in nature, experiencing marital conflict, and separation/divorce or poor-parenting can cause problems within a child’s development including mental and physical issues. Some children will internalize their problems and suffer from anxiety and depression. Others will outwardly externalize their behaviors through aggression and conduct problems; preteens are especially at risk for antisocial behavior (Taylor, Purswell, Lindo, Jayne, & Fernando, 2011; Sentse, Ormel, Veenstra, Verhulst, & Oldehinkel, 2011). In the Barry & Kochanska (2011, p. 237) study, they point out that dysfunctional parenting, parental depressive symptoms and marital conflict are associated with childhood adjustment and development. Consistently, studies show that marital problems adversely affect child development and adjustment. As Rhoades, Leve, Harold, Neiderhiser, Shaw & Reiss (2011) state â€Å"the association between marital hostility and child adjustment is clearly established† and â€Å"pathways from marital hostility to child adjustment have been well studied, research[ed] to date† (p. 282). And Teti & Cole (2011) further add that â€Å"faulty parenting is frequently cited as a major causal factor in the development of child psychopathology† (p. 25). Emotions and Family Dynamics In Barry and Kochanska (2010) study, the authors look at family emotional well-being, the critical nature of the parent-child relationship and how this impacts a child’s development. Emotions are given and received through individuals and family relationships are shaped by them; family dynamics are influenced and develop from these relational emotions. The emotional affects are multi-dimension and reach all family members reciprocally. One approach known as transactional family dynamics looks at mutual influence processes between all family members (Schermerhorn, Chow & Cummings, 2010, p. 869). Although few studies have been conducted, the transactional family dynamic modal theorizes that if there are marital problems and conflict, the focus is not exclusively on the husband and wife’s problems, but how the family children also influence the marital relationship’s conflict. In one rare study, it was found that â€Å"in families with high levels of marital conflict, child externalizing problems predicted increases in marital conflict† (Schermerhorn et al. , 2010, p. 869); thus supporting the reciprocal nature in families. In support of other research, results from Schermerhorn, et al. (2010) study found that if a child is negative then it is associated with less marital positivity (p. 878). Within family subsystems, the marital relationship and the parent-child relationships are directly influenced by individual emotions and their interactions with one another. Some of these familial emotional interactions, reactions and feelings are healthy, but most are not when there is marital conflict; these unhealthy emotions create a variety of outcomes for a child’s development. Barry and Kochanska (2010) states, â€Å"In families, emotions profoundly influence mental health of the individuals, including sense of security, coping, personal growth, competence, adjustment, behavior problems, and psychopathology, including recovery and relapse† (p. 237). The emotional development, security and socialization of a child are directly related to the emotional exchange between the parent and child relationship; in fact, Barry and Kockanska (2010) find that it is a critical dimension especially during the early childhood years (p. 238). Since emotional healthiness is critical to healthy family relationships then unhealthy emotional states can be detrimental to a developing child causing attachment issues and possible psychopathology as they develop into adulthood. Parents’ emotional reactions to children’s emotions have important consequences for social and emotional development, including children’s psycho-physiological regulation, coping, emotional understanding, and friendship quality (Barry & Kockanska, 2010, p. 237). Home Environments and Child Development Some of the variables which cause changes in the family’s home environment and affect child development are marital conflict, divorce and poor parenting; these changes can be more negatively influential in lower-income environments. Family is one of the major components in human development; therefore, childhood development is greatly influenced by the health of the family unit and home environment. Studies have shown that marital conflict in the family will increase the risk of adjustment problems in children; additionally, marital conflicts can lead to negative parenting, such as inconsistent discipline or disengagement, putting the parent-child relationship at risk and further adding to the risk of child maladjustment (El-Sheikh & Whitson, 2006, p. 30; Peris, Goeke-Morey, Cummings, & Emery (2008), p. 633). Peris et al. 2008) finds that â€Å"marital conflict is linked to a host of ineffective parenting practices, ranging from the use of inconsistent discipline to diminished displays of warmth and responsivity in the parent-child relationship† (p. 633). Another area of concern in families with marital conflict is parentification of children in which the child takes on a parental role by providing emotional support for the parent; it is a reversed role where the child takes care of the parent. In the Peris et al. study, the authors look at how parentification responsibilities can be very stressful and taxing for a middle adolescent hich can cause, as previous research shows, shame, guilt, poor academic performance, increased adulthood depression and anxiety, and difficult peer relationships of which girls are at a greater risk than boys. (Peris et al. , p. 634). Peris et al. also points out that in childhood, parentification is associated with externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and poor social adjustment; additionally, poor parenting practice such as psychological control where a parent will use guilt to control their child’s behavior and maintain closeness will put children and adolescence at greater risk to maladjust ment and behavioral problems. Additional findings from Peris et al. study show that youth and their parents perceive the parentification dynamic differently. Youth perceive the relationship as low in warmth and support but the parent perceives it as warm and close; the study also concluded that the youth study group demonstrated internalizing and externalizing behaviors (p. 638) which is consistent with their hypothesis, other empirical studies and literature topics on parentification. Children from homes with higher levels of conflict have more adjustment problems than children from less conflictual homes especially with prolonged marital conflict (El-Sheikh & Whitson, 2006, p. 30). Marital conflict affects girls more than boys in which they have greater internalizing symptoms. El-Sheikh & Whitson (2006) explain that girls are subject to greater socialization pressures and communion especially during late childhood and adolescence; this socialization process is opposite of a boy who is pushed socially to be more independent. Girls may also be more emotionally involved in the marital arguments and boys avoid the conflict by claiming their independence (p. 37). Nonetheless, marital conflict has lasting affects for both boys and girls which affects childhood, adolescence and into adulthood. Social development is at risk in children who are from homes with marital conflict, divorce or poor parenting. Booth-LaForce & Oxford (2008) report that an unsupportive parental environment such as found in stressful environments like single-parent homes and/or low income can cause insensitive parenting which can lead to socially withdrawn behavior in children; (p. 299) many of these children who are socially withdrawn display â€Å"social-cognitive deficits and unskilled behavior, their self-perceptions are negative, they are more likely to be rejected and victimized by peers, and experience loneliness and depression† (p. 1298). Social learning theorists argue â€Å"that marital disruption may lead children to l earn angry, coercive, hostile, and even physically aggressive approaches to interpersonal problem solving† (Gattis, Simpson, & Christensen, 2008, p. 833). Another area of concern in childhood development within stressful home environments is the increase risk for stress-related physical illnesses. In a study by Fabricius & Luecken (2007) they report that â€Å"high family conflict, abuse, parental psychopathology, and divorce can serve to establish enduring dysregulations in the child’s physiological stress responses, promoting pathophysiology in the brain and body† (p. 195). Another area of concern is sleep deprivation. Marital conflict is related to disruption in a child’s sleep; sleep problems in children can be related to internalizing symptoms and externalizing behaviors. Additionally, children with sleep problems can also reciprocally influence the conflict between the parents. As Kelly & El-Sheikh (2011) point out â€Å"marital conflict and child sleep problems may be reciprocal and cyclical: exposure to marital conflict may lead to children’s sleep disruptions, which in turn may lead to increased marital conflict† (p. 413). Studies have also found that sleep problems in children can lead to aggressive behaviors (Kelly & El-Sheikh, 2011, p. 413). Separation, Post-Separation and Divorce Taylor, Purswell, Lindo, Jayne, & Fernando (2011) report that children from divorced families are at a higher risk for emotional and behavioral problems including antisocial behavior, disruptive conduct, delinquency, aggression, anxiety, depression, feelings of loneliness and abandonment, emotional maladjustment and academic problems (p. 124-125). A new family structure is stressful for all family members with each affecting the other. Higher levels of parental stress cause changes in the parent-child relationship putting it at risk. Lack of communication, conflict, hostility, stressors related to the divorce and the new family dynamics cause frustration and anger among the members. High rates of divorce continually influence the numerous studies conducted which look at their affects of divorce on childhood development. According to Sentse et al. (2011) â€Å"10-25% of children that experience a parental separation grow up to have more emotional and psychological problems† (p. 98). These problems can stem from the broken family, previous marital conflict, loss of support from family and friends, economic disadvantage and parenting problems. In the current study by Sentse et al. , the researchers found parental separation’s main affect on developing children was externalizing problems; although for some children the separation brought relief from all the marital conflicts. The study also found adolescences that were more temperamentally fearful had increased levels of internalizing behaviors; some of the side effects of the fearful individual who experiences parental separation include withdrawal, ignored by peers, anxious or depressive feelings – resulting in a cycle of negative symptoms which could result in mental health problems (p. 03). Depressive symptoms can stem from marital conflict and divorce; cyclically, marital conflict and divorce can cause depressive symptoms. Mothers are particularly prone to depressive symptoms and clinical depression during highly stressful events in their lives such as marital conflict, separation or divorce. Mothers who are depressed are likely to be less supportive and nurturing with their children and they are usually negative and critical which can lead to developmental problems such as internalizing and externalizing problems in their children (Connell, Hughes-Scalise, Klostermann & Azem, 2011, p. 53). Mothers with depression have â€Å"higher rates of irritability and aggression, which in turn may induce distress, anger and behavior problems in children† (Deboeck, Farris, Boker, & Borkowski, 2011, p. 1312). Deboeck et al. (2011) also finds that a mother’s psychosocial health can directly affect the development of a child; and, children of depressed mothers have difficulty regulating affect, have increased hyperactivity and attention deficits (p. 1313). Several studies have looked at maternal depressive symptoms and found a link between the mother’s criticizing, hostile parenting causing externalizing behaviors in adolescents; additionally, adolescents with depressed mothers were more likely to become depressed when they [adolescent] are faced with family conflict and discord (Allen & Manning, 2010, p. 833). Single motherhood is more stressful on both the mother and the children; single mothers are more likely to be depressed than married mothers. Compared to single mothers, married mothers have better mental health (Afifi, T. O. , Cox, B. J. & Enns, M. W. , 2006, p. 122). There are at least 9. 5 million families in American in which single mothers are head of the household (Afifi et al. 2006). Parenting stress is unusually high in single-mother homes and mothers have â€Å"greater financial difficulties, social isolation, and childcare responsibilities† compared to mothers who are married (Afifi et al. & Taylor, Purswell, Lindo, Jayne, & Fernando, 2011). Past research has found identified stressors which negatively affect the psychological well-being of single mothers; they are, low income, low education, family size, and ethnicity (Afifi et al. . 126). The results of Afifi et al. study found that psychiatric disorders in married mothers is lowest, with a slight increase in never married mothers, and the greatest increase was found in separated/divorced mothers; however, previous research found that women going through a separation or divorce had higher rates of poor mental health before the separation/divorce and after (Afifi et al. p. 127). Afifi et al. found that separated/divorced mothers had high levels of depression, dysthymia, GAD, alcohol abuse, PTSD, drug abuse, agoraphobia and antisocial personality disorder. Co-Parenting, Healthy Family Relationships, and Positive Outcomes Although marital conflict, separation/divorce, and poor parenting can adversely affect the home environment and negatively influence the development of children, there are positive factors which counter these adverse affects. Co-parenting is one of those factors. Co-parenting is associated with parents who mutually and cooperatively parent and raise their child together as a team. Although most of the research on co-parenting has been done on married couples and fathers, some does exist on co-parenting after the marital relationship has dissolved. Co-parenting can exist in families with marital conflict as part of a solution to positive parenting even in the midst of chaos and conflict. Positive co-parenting can buffer a child against the negative effects of marital conflict and divorce. There is increasing â€Å"evidence [which] indicates that successful co-parenting relationships are beneficial for children’s socio-emotional development† (Dush, Kotila, & Schoppe-Sullivan, 2011, p. 356). Other studies have found that co-parenting affects children positively by decreasing both internalizing and externalizing symptoms (Isacco, Garfield, & Rogers, 2010, p. 262). Healthy co-parenting relationships between separated or divorced couples can significantly improve the relationship between the non-residential father and the child; it could also help improve the relationship between the mother and father by reducing conflict. Many divorced fathers are less involved with their children and co-parenting because of the relational conflict with the divorced mother. Dush et al. (2011) states the key ingredients for co-parenting includes joint investment in the child, valuing the importance of each parent, respecting the other’s judgment, and ongoing, open communication (p. 357). A key factor for increasing healthy family relations and positive outcomes for children in families with marital conflict or divorce is active, supportive father involvement. As Dush et al. points out, â€Å"cooperative co-parenting relationships may be key to fostering positive nonresidential father involvement and lower levels of inter-parental conflict which have been linked to children’s behavioral outcomes, academic achievement, and psychological well-being† (p. 356). Another key component which fosters positive outcomes for children is father-child communication which has shown to decrease externalizing behaviors; (Afifi et al. 2006) additionally, open communication within the parent-child relationship where the child feels comfortable talking with their parents about the divorce has shown that children cope better (Taylor et al. , 2011). â€Å"A strong parent– child relationship can help ameliorate many of these [divorce] difficulties† (Taylor et al. 2011. p. 125). Family therapy is another positive component which can buffer the affects of marital conflict and divorce. Therapy can provide support for family members, teach problem-solving skills, communications training, conflict management and resolution.

Asthma Essay example - 1942 Words

Asthma / Grant 1 Asthma in a Fitness/School Setting For some, the agony of asthma may be an affliction only during childhood; for others, the illness persists throughout adulthood. The least fortunate are those who fall mortal victims. Asthma can kill. Medical science can offer only temporary relief at best. The deviousness of the disease defies almost all attempts at discovering a cure. Asthma can be mild; it can be devastating. Sometimes the symptoms disappear for many years but surface again with even greater severity. In an asthmatic attack the diameter of the small bronchi is diminished as a result of spasm of the muscular coat, active congestion of the mucous membrane and excessive secretion of tough mucus. In inspiration the†¦show more content†¦Although children with asthma often avoid physical activity for fear that it will trigger an asthma attack. Studies have shown that regular, moderate exercise can actually be helpful to children with asthma in addition to controlling weight problems. Lack of exercise can lead to physical de-conditioning as well as obesity, in turn, can cause asthma to worsen (quot;Amsterdam Newsquot;, 1998). For some asthma sufferers, a proper diet is more than a wishful goal, its a necessary step in leading a normal life. In addition to common triggers, food-triggers asthma affect in 6%-8% of asthmatic children but less than 2% of asthmatic adults. Often the triggers is sulfites, sulfite additives or a food allergen such as milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, fish or shellfish. Dr. Ron Simon of Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation in La Jolla, CA, stated, quot;sulfites in or added to food can cause potentially life-threatening reactions for asthmatics (quot;Medical Informationquot;, 1998).quot; Further research by Grant 3 Harvard Medical School have found that instead of being a by-product of asthma, extra pounds could make people more vulnerable to developing the disease (quot;Tufts Diet,quot; 1998). Even though physical activity has been found to be beneficial to asthmatics. Exercise-induced asthma have been prevalent in our society. AsShow MoreRelatedAsthma748 Words   |  3 PagesAs far as asthma goes, triggers for asthma are: allergies, family history (because there is a genetic influence) dust mites, pet dander, dust, cockroaches, pollen, mold, anything like that, pollutions and factory immetions can trigger some allergies. And often your patient will give you a history of GERD and exema (especially when they were a kid). In asthma we have reversible narrowing of the bronchioles. When they narrow they swell, so it gets hyper responsive, the airway tends to remodelRead MoreAsthma940 Words   |  4 PagesAsthma Describe the Disease: ​ Asthma is a chronic disease of the lungs that affects the airways and causes them to become very swollen and sensitive to the air that you breathe. With this disease you can get what is called an asthma attack, this is where your airways become narrower, making it difficult to breathe. You may notice that someone is having an asthma attack if the person begins wheezing, getting a tight chest/ chest pains, breathing problems, and coughing.  There are different typesRead MoreAsthma And Its Effects On Asthma1066 Words   |  5 Pageswho has been diagnosed with asthma. She has been having trouble controlling her asthma. Here is information on how she can understand asthma and control it and also help prevent asthma flare ups. Asthma is a chronic long term lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. Asthma causes periods of wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath and coughing. Coughing usually occurs at night or early morning, can occur during the day if allergies flares your asthma. The airways are tubes that carryRead MoreAsthma Stepwise Management Of Asthma1272 Words   |  6 PagesAsthma Stepwise Management Asthma is a life-threatening inflammatory ailment of the upper airways that distresses approximately eight to ten percent of the populace, about seven million of the populace distressed with asthma are essentially the children (Arcangelo Peterson, 2013). Arcangelo and Peterson demarcate asthma as a chronic inflammatory ailment of the airways branded by airways blockage, inflammation, and hyper-responsiveness. The American Academy of Allergy and Immunology {AAAAI},Read MoreEffects Of Asthma On Children s Asthma954 Words   |  4 Pagesto other children in physical appearance, academics, athletics, and social interactions (Ball et al., 2015, p.208). The effects of asthma can play a direct role on how the child develops in these areas. Factors that affect asthma are being exposed to triggers and the medication management. The child is dependent on parents’ for initial management education of asthma treatment (Silva-Mendez Barros, 2013, p.1002). The parents’ beliefs a bout the adherence of medications have shown to have an influenceRead MoreAsthma2233 Words   |  9 Pages1. Discuss the pathophysiology of asthma. The pathophysiology of Asthma includes inflammation of the airway. The way in which this works is from an irritant which can include dust, pollen, cedar, or cat hair. When a reaction occurs, the airways become inflamed and narrow. The narrowing occurs because once the inflammatory response is triggered by an irritant, histamines, immunoglobulin E antibodies, and leukotrienes are released. Because of this, mucous production occurs. Since the bronchioles areRead MoreEssay on Asthma1127 Words   |  5 Pages Asthma is a disorder of the respiratory system in which the passages that enable air to pass into and out of the lungs periodically narrow, causing coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. This narrowing is typically temporary and reversible, but in severe attacks, asthma may result in death. Asthma most commonly refers to bronchial asthma, an inflammation of the airways, but the term is also used to refer to cardiac asthma, which develops when fluid builds up in the lungs as a complicationRead More Asthma Essay697 Words   |  3 Pages Asthma is a condition of the bronchial tubes characterized by episodes of constriction and increased mucous production. A person with asthma has bronchial tubes that are super sensitive to various stimuli, or triggers, that can produce asthma symptom.In other words, asthmatics have special sensitivity that causes their lung tissue to react far more than is should to various stimulating factors or triggers. For this reason, people with asthma are said to have quot;twitchy airways.quot;Some symptomsRead MorePathophysiology Of Chronic Asthma And Acute Asthma918 Words   |  4 Pagesdiseases of the respiratory system include; pneumonia, croup, asthma, bronchitis, laryngitis, and tuberculosis, affected disease location determines the signs and symptoms. Hereditary and environmental factors such as allergens and other irritants can be a contributory factor, especially in children. However, respiratory compromise occur as a re sult of incomplete airway development among this vulnerable population predisposing them to chronic asthma (Huether McCance, 2012). The purpose of this paper isRead MoreAsthma Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Asthma is considered as one of the most common chronic and complex respiratory conditions which involve both environmental and genetic factors (1,2). It is such a condition of the airways presents as constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles in response to irritants. The vascular resistance of the pulmonary system will increase as constriction leads to a smaller vascular diameter (3,4). The prevalence of the disease is predicted to rise making it one of the major life-threatening

Shakespeare s Madness A Timeless Reflection Of Society

Shakespeare’s Madness: A Timeless Reflection of Society The word â€Å"madness† often provokes thoughts of schizophrenia, dementia, and psychosis; however, these illnesses prove not to be the exact cause of the various downfalls to the characters throughout the play Hamlet. The author, William Shakespeare, depicts a different type of insanity in the play, one that seems ambiguous but also feels eerily similar to ones that still affect others to this day. Shweta Bali, author of Mechanics of Madness in Hamlet, Macbeth, and King Lear, reiterates this by stating, â€Å"Insanity—real or obfuscated—is integral to the fiber of many of Shakespearean plays. Apart from reflecting the political turmoil, madness adds to the atmosphere of pathos, misfortune†¦show more content†¦Marrying the brother of her dead husband was not rational, further proving her mental instability. She knows that she is breaking her son, but mentally she is too lost to help her own son. Gertrude’s death was not directly at the fault of her insanity. Gertrude s death came from drinking poison, and it would not be a radical thought to say that this would have been prevented if she was have had the mental stability to take her son’s well being into consideration (V.ii.287). Although Gertrude’s madness is not always apparent throughout the play, the tragic downfall of Hamlet’s self proclaimed lover, Ophelia, was very intricate and her madness was extremely evident. Shakespeare illustrates the collapse of Ophelia in a much different way than any other character. Ophelia’s lunacy becomes apparent after the murder of her father, Polonius (III.iv.24). Her downfall was contributed to depression and confusion; however, Shakespeare often makes numerous biblical connections throughout her downfall, as if to raise the question if her madness was by the hand of God. Bali notices that Ophelia uses music and song to express her depression, and this is how Shakespeare connects her downfall to religion (85). Allison A. Chapman, author of Ophelia’s â€Å"Old Lauds†, explains that Ophelia makes the comment, â€Å"They say the owl was a baker’s daughter† (IV.v.42-43). Chapman continues on this by stating that this is oneSh ow MoreRelatedCommentary on William Shakespeare ´s As s You Like It and Gender Roles1376 Words   |  6 Pages Shakespeare’s society was strongly patriarchal .Women were expected to behave passively obediently and submissively toward their husbands ,who were considered the superior sex and were given the responsibility of governing the household .This is a topic undoubtedly critical to our understanding both of the role of women and the traditional concepts of gender and sexuality.Tarub explains that even domestic households were structured in accordance with patriarchal values ; the man ruled whilst